The five major sections in this report represent a thorough effort to identify the questions society and the scientific research community should be asking. The Executive Summary highlights answers to these questions. This effort also identified an extensive list of issues on which additional research is needed. The challenge now is for the scientific community, with the support of society and the swine industry, to begin the process of carrying out this research. The resources, in terms of funding and personnel as well as institutional commitments to the process, necessary to engage such a broad research agenda are not insignificant. If science is to play the role we expect of it in helping society address the important issues related to the changing nature of swine production, these resources must be forthcoming. While society has a range of other options available to it for addressing the growing controversy, which could include doing nothing or providing unquestioning support for the development of an industrial model of production, these other approaches may not resolve the controversy in a manner that is satisfactory to the many participants, including swine producers, or may only serve to increase the frustration and mistrust growing in some segments of rural society. Another option, which has already been the subject of considerable attention, is use of legal and regulatory approaches, either to establish minimum levels of performance, such as through waste handling guidelines, or to provide protections from liability for qualifying operations, such as right-to-farm nuisance suit protections. While there is an important role for law to play, and resort will no doubt be made of legal remedies and requirements, law should only be one mechanism society turns to for relief. Even then, the societal decisions reflected in the law must be based on something. Our hope is that sound scientific information and research will be a significant part of that basis on which laws are developed.